Search results for "610 Medical Sciences"

Common miRNA Patterns of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease and Their Putative Impact on Commensal Gut Microbiota.

2019

With the rise of Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) methods, Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have achieved an important position in the research landscape and have been found to present valuable diagnostic tools in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis or lung cancer. There is also emerging evidence that miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Apparently, these diseases come along with changes in miRNA expression patterns which led to attempts from researchers to use these small RNA species from several body fluids for a better diagnosis and in order to observe disease progression. Additionally, it…

Reliability of genomic variants across different next-generation sequencing platforms and bioinformatic processing pipelines

2021

Abstract Background Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is the fundament of various studies, providing insights into questions from biology and medicine. Nevertheless, integrating data from different experimental backgrounds can introduce strong biases. In order to methodically investigate the magnitude of systematic errors in single nucleotide variant calls, we performed a cross-sectional observational study on a genomic cohort of 99 subjects each sequenced via (i) Illumina HiSeq X, (ii) Illumina HiSeq, and (iii) Complete Genomics and processed with the respective bioinformatic pipeline. We also repeated variant calling for the Illumina cohorts with GATK, which allowed us to investigate the e…

Long‐term molecular differences between resilient and susceptible mice after a single traumatic exposure

2022

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous disorder induced by trauma, resulting in severe long-term impairments of an individual's mental health. PTSD does not develop in every individual and, thus, some individuals are more resilient. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate these processes.We used a single-trauma PTSD model in mice to induce long-term maladaptive behaviours and profiled the mice 4 weeks after trauma into resilient or susceptible individuals. The classification of phenotype was based on individual responses in different behavioural experiments. We analysed microbiome, circulating endocannabinoids, and lo…

Treatment options for leishmaniasis.

2021

Leishmaniasis is broadly classified into three types: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. The visceral form is most dangerous and can result in death. Although leishmaniasis is an ancient disease, its treatment is still challenging. Several drugs, differing in their cost, toxicity, treatment duration and emergence of drug resistance, are used for different types of leishmaniasis. To overcome these limitations, the search for newer drugs and other treatments continues. In this article, we discuss conventional drugs, other treatments, including newer options such as immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy, and future prospects for leishmaniasis treatment.

Terbium Medical Radioisotope Production: Laser Resonance Ionization Scheme Development

2021

Terbium (Tb) is a promising element for the theranostic approach in nuclear medicine. The new CERN-MEDICIS facility aims for production of its medical radioisotopes to support related R&D projects in biomedicine. The use of laser resonance ionization is essential to provide radioisotopic yields of highest quantity and quality, specifically regarding purity. This paper presents the results of preparation and characterization of a suitable two-step laser resonance ionization process for Tb. By resonance excitation via an auto-ionizing level, the high ionization efficiency of 53% was achieved. To simulate realistic production conditions for Tb radioisotopes, the influence of a surplus of Gd at…

Feasibility of a MPR-based 3DTEE guidance protocol for transcatheter direct mitral valve annuloplasty.

2020

Objectives Several interventional approaches have been established for the treatment of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients at elevated risk for surgery. Direct annuloplasty is a relatively novel option in transcatheter mitral valve repair dedicated to reverse pathology in specific subsets of MR. With regard to echocardiographic guidance, this procedure presents with higher efforts in comparison with edge-to-edge therapy to enable safe and exact positioning of the device's anchors; evidence on optimal peri-interventional imaging is sparse. We tested a specific 3D-echo-guidance protocol implementing single-beat multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and evaluated its feasibility. Methods …

Differentiation of frontal fibrosing alopecia and Lichen planopilaris on trichoscopy: A comprehensive review.

2021

Trichoscopy in dermatology has opened up the new concept in overcoming the optical challenge faced clinically. It reveals the diagnostic details to the depth of superficial dermis, and thereby increasing the clinician's diagnostic accuracy and the level of confidence. The importance of trichoscopy in cicatricial alopecia is very evident in the current scenario for its precise diagnosis. The clinical picture in delineating lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) from each other and also from other close mimickers such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, female patterned hair loss, and other cicatricial alopecia is bewildered due to its varied presentation and co…

Birthweight and its association with retinal vessel equivalents – Results from the population‐based German Gutenberg Health Study

2020

Volatile Anesthetics Influence Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity by Modulation of Tight Junction Protein Expression in Traumatic Brain Injury

2012

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) results in cerebral edema formation, which is a major cause for high mortality after traumatic brain injury (TBI). As anesthetic care is mandatory in patients suffering from severe TBI it may be important to elucidate the effect of different anesthetics on cerebral edema formation. Tight junction proteins (TJ) such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 (cl5) play a central role for BBB stability. First, the influence of the volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane on in-vitro BBB integrity was investigated by quantification of the electrical resistance (TEER) in murine brain endothelial monolayers and neurovascular co-cultures of the B…

Alzheimer's disease in the gut : major changes in the gut of 5xFAD model mice with ApoA1 as potential key player

2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects around 33 million people worldwide, which makes it the most prominent form of dementia. The main focus of AD research has been on the central nervous system (CNS) for long, but in recent years, the gut gained more attention. The intestinal tract is innervated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), built of numerous different types of neurons showing great similarity to neurons of the CNS. It already has been demonstrated that the amyloid precursor protein, which plays a major role in AD pathology, is also expressed in these cells. We analyzed gut tissue of AD model mice (5xFAD) and the respective wild-type littermates at different pathological stages: pre-path…